OpenAI · released 2025-06-10
o3-pro uses about 0.138 Wh – 7.92 Wh of electricity to answer a typical question. That places it 234 of 266 among the models we can measure, and every figure here is calculated the same way as every other model.
The capability figure of 147.45 is a composite over 58 benchmarks — Epoch AI's Capabilities Index, which folds in software engineering, agentic tool use, long-context comprehension and creative writing as well as science reasoning. It is one number standing for a lot of separate tests, so treat a small gap between two models as noise rather than a ranking.
No human head-to-head votes exist for this model. It has been benchmarked but not, as far as we can tell, put in front of people to compare against anything else — worth knowing before treating its scores as a verdict on its answers.
Inferred The maker publishes no size at all, so it is inferred from how capable the model is and when it was released. A wide bracket, not a figure. Every model on this site is calculated the same way, so the comparison holds even where the absolute value carries uncertainty. Our figures are good to roughly a factor of two to three, which is why we only ever state a difference of 5× or more.
Energy cannot be worked out without knowing how big a model is. Of the 36 models from OpenAI that we track, 27 can be assessed at all — the rest publish too little for anyone outside the company to calculate anything.
Capability and the roster come from Epoch AI, whose Capabilities Index is the 58-benchmark composite quoted above. Energy is calculated with EcoLogits and calibrated against laboratory measurements from ML.ENERGY. Human preference comes from LMArena. All four are public and free; the full method is here.
These figures are published under CC BY 4.0 — use them anywhere, including commercially, with credit to The AI Footprint.
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